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The main principles of building gemological classification of raw amber

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Parent Category: 2025

Category: Content №6 2025

Created on 25 December 2025

Last Updated on 25 December 2025

Published on 30 November -0001

Written by P. Baranov, V. Korotaiev, O. Slyvna, H. Bidniak, V. Bidniak

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Authors:

P. Baranov, orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-4277, Dnipro Scientific Research Forensic Centre of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

V. Korotaiev, orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0389, Dnipro Scientific Research Forensic Centre of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

O. Slyvna*, orcid.org/0000-0002-7063-1938, Dnipro Scientific Research Forensic Centre of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

H. Bidniak, orcid.org/0000-0002-0515-9761, Dnipro State University of Internal Affairs, Dnipro, Ukraine;  Dnipropetrovsk State Institute of Forensic Expertise of the Ministry of Justice, Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

V. Bidniak, orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-1939, Dnipro State University of Internal Affairs, Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail:This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

* Corresponding author e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

повний текст / full article

Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu. 2025, (6): 005 - 012

https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2025-6/005

Abstract:

Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the amber market and identify the key principles of the gemological classification of raw amber. This will provide complete information on the quality of amber and its consumer properties, which, in turn, will create the basis for solving both practical and theoretical tasks: determining the cost of raw materials and finished products; identifying patterns of development of the amber market.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is based on general scientific analytical approaches. Within the framework of the methodology, a classification algorithm has been developed that allows building a relational database with the ability to automate, systematise, analyse and visualise information on the basis of specialised software.

Findings. On the basis of the developed classification principles, three categories of properties have been identified: dimensional and weight, technological and decorative, and decorative ones. They are key in determining the quality of amber, drawing up geological, economic, technological and design projects. This approach made it possible to develop a gemological classification that has been tested on specific sites, which, in turn, contributed to the creation of a software algorithm that simplifies the work of geologists, miners, and processors.

Originality. For the first time, the basic principles of the gemological classification have been developed, taking into account the fundamental principles of gemological science, design, processing and evaluation of amber.

Practical value. The amber quality criteria included in the gemological classification are important for the geological and economic assessment of amber deposits, the preparation of price lists taking into account consumer properties, the development of technological projects, and the analysis of the raw amber market.

Keywords: amber, raw materials, products, consumer properties, gemological classification, amber market

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