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The predicted level of atmospheric air pollution in the city area affected by highways

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Category: Environmental safety, labour protection

Last Updated on 02 April 2016

Published on 02 April 2016

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Authors:

M.M. Biliaiev, Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor, Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine

T.I. Rusakova, Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine

V.Ye. Kolesnik, Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor, State Higher Educational Institution “National Mining University”, Professor of the Ecology Department, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.

A.V. Pavlichenko, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, State Higher Educational Institution “National Mining University”, Associate Professor of the Ecology Department, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine,

Abstract:

Purpose. The development of the methodology for at-mospheric air pollution assessment in the zone affected by city highways, which is based on the equation of detached flow of inviscid fluid and considers the dwellings zone peculiarities as well as the natural laws of chemical transformations of air pollutants.

Methodology. The predicted level of atmospheric air pollution in the city area located near highways and affected by automotive pollutants is reasoned by the joint solution of hydrodynamic equation of field of velocities for wind flow estimation in the highway area and the problem of admixture transfer in the atmosphere. To estimate the field of velocities for wind flow the method of incompressible frictionless vortex-type flow was applied. The natural laws of admixture transfer in the atmosphere were established by means of convection and diffusive transfer of admixture and its chemical transformation in the atmosphere. The predicted concentration of pollutants was estimated by means of numerical si-mulation on computational straight-line graticube using the method of labeling of rated operating conditions based on the alternating triangular difference scheme.

Findings. The developed methodology enables efficient prediction of atmospheric air pollution levels by automotive pollutants in case of buildings and highway arrangement of street canyon type and considering the chemical transformations of pollutants. The application of the developed numerical model enabled the establishment of the nitrogen dioxide concentrations dynamics in the air near the buildings adjacent to the highway. The comparative analysis for nitrogen dioxide concentrations changes relative to its maximum permissible concentration in the atmosphere and its annual average was carried out.

Originality. The methodology for atmospheric air pollution levels assessment at the different distances from a highway was developed. It allows considering the natural laws of chemical transformations of air pollutants as well as the effect of dwellings zone peculiarities on their dispersion.

Practical value. The developed prognostic methodology can be used for the planning of highways in new city districts as well as for the calculations of old highways reconstruction requiring consideration of different types of buildings and highways arrangement under the definite meteorological conditions. The obtained laws of pollutants dispersion at the different distances from a highway should be considered for the timely adoption of the nature-conservative measures.

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